Assignment 16 research and inspiration

Research

Information graphics: graphic visual representations of information, data or knowledge, present complex information quickly and clearly, illustrate information that would be unwieldy in text form, and act as a visual shorthand. 

visual communication: a conveyance of ideas in forms that can be looked upon or read 

Inspiration 

repetition

attention grabbing

fairly simple 

who is the target audience?

the teacher

what are you trying to communicate?

the history of visual communications 

I like the way the line itself of the timeline is in different colors. It gets my attention first then helps me move along in the piece. I also like the way the headers of each description are colorful too.

I like the way the lines of the flag branch off to become the infographic.

I like the way the timeline is incorporated into the flying balloon. I think it makes it interesting looking. 

Photography | 1839 - 1960s AD

Until the 1880s, how were news stories illustrated?
Engravings or woodcuts
What is a camera obscura?
A way to observe light, it projects an image of its surroundings onto a screen.

How did scholars and artists utilize the camera obscure?
Fo safe observations of solar eclipses and the phases of the moon 
From where did the photographic camera develop?
The portable box 
Who first used the term "photography"? Where was is derived from?
Sir John Hershel, the greek words for light and writing 

Who is credited with making the first successful photograph?
Joseph Niepce 

Who invented the Daguerreotype process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?
Daguerre, it successfully made photographs but it was expensive and the image could not be duplicated 

Who invented the Calotype process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?
Talbot, it was of inferior quality but an unlimited amount of duplicates could be made

Who invented the Wet Collodion process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?
Frederich Scott Archer, exposure time was reduced to two or three seconds and the cost was less, equipment had to be portable, produced a sharper image
Post an example of a Dry Plate Process image. 

Who invented the Dry Plate process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?
Richard Maddox, it used gelatin so was more portable, but still too complicated for the general public
Who is George Eastman? What company did he establish? 
He made photography accessible to all by inventing roll film, the Eastman Kodak Company 

In 1888, he produced a camera that use his flexible roll film. How did he make this camera/photography accessible to the public?
He made a camera that only cost $1What is Edwin Land best known for? What company did he establish?
Patenting polarized light filters and his invention of instant photography, the Polaroid Corporation 

How long did the first Polaroid camera take to produce a photo?
60 seconds
What was Eadweard Muybridge known for?
Using multiple cameras to capture motion 

What is the Zoopraxiscope?
A device used to project a series of images in successive phases of motion 

How did Muybridge settle the debate and photograph a horse in motion?
He used a series of large cameras placed in a line each being triggered by a thread as the horse passed by In 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed this?
The development of a motion picture projector 

What is a motion picture projector?
It magnifies a 'moving picture' onto a screen for an audience 

The Linotype Machine | 1886 AD

Who is credited with the invention of the typewriter? 
Christopher Sholes 
What is a "stenographer"?
A person who transcribes speech, often in court cases and things similar to that. 
Why did Sholes send a prototype of his typewriter to Clephane?
He believed stenographers would be the first and most important users 
After the typewriter began production, why did Clephane pursue another machine?
It solved only part of his problem, it still took too long to typeset and copy the words 
Who spent a year redesigning Clephane's typesetting machine?
Mergenthaler
What is meant by "typesetting"?
To arrange or generate type that is to be printed 
How does the Linotype Machine differ from the typewriter?
It allowed type to be set mechanically rather than by hand 
How did this machine change the newspaper industry?
It made it possible for a small number of operators to set type for more pages on a daily basis 

How did the keyboard of the Linotype Machine differ from keyboards that we use today?
More spaced out, no shift key, separate upper and lower case letters, different arraignment of keys 

What is a slug?
A mold for letter forms 

Why is the Linotype Machine the greatest advanced in printing since movable type?
It became a worldwide advancement in type and changed the typing industry 

The Gutenberg Press | 1450 AD

What is Johannes Gutenberg credited with?
The printing press
How did the printing press work?
A hand press in which ink was written over the raised surface of movable hand set block letters held within a wooden form. The form was then pressed against a sheet of paper
What motivated Gutenberg to find a better way of creating books?
His love of reading and working in the mint
Why did Gutenberg experiment with metal type versus wood type?
Wood was not as durable

What is moveable type?
metal type, the system of printing that uses movable components to reproduce the elements of a document
What is a matrix?
A mold that creates a letter in a book
What ink did Gutenberg develop that he used specifically for the printing press?
An oil based ink
What is paper made from? Where did paper originate?
Wood pulp and china
What is a "substrate"?
The base material that images were printed onto
Who did Gutenberg seek to help with the invention of the press? Close to the end of the 5 years, what happened?
Fust and gutenberg was sued by fust and had to give him all of his materials and books he had produced
What was the first book he printed?Bible.

How did the Gutenberg Press impact communication?
perfected script, books were made more rapidly, current information could be shared locally and around the world, the cost of books decreased, the population became more litterate, etc.
Who introduced the printing press to England?
William Caxton
What was the early form of newspapers?
Trade news letters
When was the first news weekly published? What was it called?
1704, the boston letter
What kind of press was built in the US in the mid 1800s?
the steam powered rotary press
By the late 1930s, presses had increased in efficiency and were capable of 2,500 to 3,500 impressions per hour. What is meant by "impression"?
The type is put on the page
Which printing process is the Gutenberg press an example of? Briefly describe the process?
Releif printing, movable type is placed onto the press. Ink is spread onto to the type. Papaer is placed on top. The press applies pressure to transfer the ink onto the press.
What is intaglio printing and how is ink transferred?
A way of printing and the image area is etched into the plate surface to hold the ink.
What is porous printing and how is ink transferred?
A basic stencil process, and ink is forced through open mesh in areas.





What is lithography and how is ink transferred?
planograpy, and it is forced into designs by water
What variation of lithography is used by the commercial printing industry today?
Offset lithograpy
How do printing presses used today compare to the Gutenberg Press?
They are far more advanced and able to do much more faster
Describe four-color process printing using CMYK?
Cyan, magenta, yellow, black

The Codex and the Illuminated Manuscript | 1st century AD

What were the drawbacks of the scroll?
The reader must read the text in the order it was written. Post an example of a codex.

What is a codex?
A covered and bound collection of hand written pages.
"Codex" is derived from the Latin meaning "block of wood". Why?

What is the difference between "sequential access" and "random access"?
In random access one can go to any point to find information in sequential access one has to go in order.
What were the advantages of using the codex?
It had random access and was more portable along with being easier to use in organizing libraries because the title could be written on the spine.
What helped spread the use of the codex?
The rise of christianity
What replaced papyrus? Describe the process used to create it?
Parchment paper, hair and fat was removed and skin was smoothed out, it was then soaked in water, calcium, flour and salt were added, and lastly the skin was stretched out, flattened and dried.
What is vellum?
A finer quality parchment
Name several examples of current technology that utilizes the format of the codex?
New technology like the kindle mimic the experience of reading a book even though it is an electronic.
What led to a period of cultural and economical deterioration?
The decline of the roman empire 

Who began creating books by hand, taking the creation to an art form?
Monks
What does "illumination" refer to? What was included in this ornamentation?
The borders, illistrations, and ornamentation added to each page, intials of chapeters, and paintings in the margins of the page
What tool was used for creating the illuminated manuscripts?
Natural quill pens
Why were these manuscripts reserved for religious purposes?
The work was extremely laborous
What is craftsmanship? Why is it important?
Skill in an ocupation or trade, and it is important becuase it gives us great works of art like the illuminated manuscripts

Assignment #15 Research and Inspiration

Research
Illuminated Manuscript: an extremely decorative book created by monks. Mostly used for religious  purposes.

Inspiration
ornate
pretty
attention grabbing
Who is the target audience?
My teacher
What are you trying to communicate?
A large starting letter and a decorative border

I like the starting letter and the colors used. It has a very appealing complex border.

I like the 3D effect the bottom of the page has and the extremely decorative border.

I like the fancy swirls around the I.

















the poca dot background works well with the swirls that work well with the A.